Month: January 2022

A pet supplement gives permission to allow the tenant to have pets on the rental property. It requires that the tenant be responsible for his pets, which require them to keep their animals under control, that they do not cause excessive disturbance to the property, and that the owner of the pet is responsible for property damage caused by pets. The landlord can set a fee or deposit that the tenant must pay, which is either non-refundable (one-time fee) or refundable (such as a deposit). In addition, the landlord defines the number, type and size of pets that the tenant is allowed to have. This document is legally binding and therefore both parties must comply with the details of this written agreement. The California Association of Realtors does a very good job of creating forms that brokers can use. I just want to go into their points and tell you what points we would use in our lease. I have a sample form that you are invited to use. This blog post is for informational purposes only and not for legal advice. Let`s start with the California Association of Realtor pet supplements, so the most important thing is that they can only have the pets that are listed on this addendum. They will list the pets, I always like to list the breed, whether it is a dog or a cat, the name of the dog or cat and its age. I don`t want foo-foo the poodle to become foo-foo the pit bull.

Always put all things in such a way that you know exactly which animal was there when you were treating it. It is also good to have an idea of all the animals that are on the property so that you can capture them. Ask them to send a picture of their pets. This is Paul Kankowski, I do property management in the Temecula – San Diego area and I go through the California Association of Realtors Pet Addendum compared to other pet addendums. If you want to use the California Association of Realtor Pet Supplement, you must hire a licensed real estate agent who is a member of the California Association of Realtors. This is very important because you can`t just take and use this form, it has to be used by someone who pays to use this form. The California Association Realtors says that the tenant is responsible for the following: 5. The tenant agrees to clean up after his pets and dispose of all garbage properly. Step 4 – Further down the page, you need to specify the date where (day, month, year). 2. The tenant tells the landlord that the pet(s) are home-trained, have no malignant tendencies or a history of threatening or harming people by biting, scratching, chewing or any other way. Step 3 – Enter the number and type of pets that the tenant is allowed to have.

Next, write down the number of books that a pet is allowed to weigh. If the landlord wants to charge a fee or deposit related to the tenant who owns pets, they must enter the dollar amount of those fees/deposits and indicate whether it is refundable or not. 6. The tenant agrees to keep the premises free from the smell and stains of pets. Step 2 – Enter the date of the pet addendum agreement, followed by the date of the lease, the name of the tenant and the landlord. 10. The renter is responsible and will be charged for all damage to the premises caused by his pet (his pets), whether listed above or they are “just visiting”. Damage includes, but is not limited to, damage to floors, carpets, curtains, screens, landscaping, fences, including odors due to the presence of pets.

4. The renter is responsible for compliance with all local laws and regulations regarding pets. 12. The tenant agrees to take out tenant insurance that includes coverage for the possession of pets. 7. The tenant undertakes to take measures to avoid parasitic infestations (fleas, etc.) in the premises. Step 5 – At the end of the first page and at the top of the second page, one (1) or two (2) tenants and one (1) or two (2) landlords must indicate the following: 1. The tenant cannot have pets on premises other than those mentioned above, including all pets that are “visiting only”. 3. The Renter agrees that the pet(s) are properly authorized and vaccinated in accordance with applicable laws, and the Renter further agrees to provide proof of license and vaccination at the request of the Renter or agent.

8. If the premises are part of a condominium, pets are not allowed in swimming pools, pavilions, business offices, laundry rooms, business centers or fitness centers. Pets are not allowed to be bathed or cared for in sinks, pools or the laundry pool. 9. The authorization to have a pet can be revoked at any time with three days` notice for a valid reason or for a monthly rental with thirty days` notice without giving reasons. The tenant`s failure to remove the pet(s) after the revocation of the permit is considered a violation of the rental agreement or the rental agreement. 11. The Renter undertakes to indemnify and hold harmless the Lessor and the Lessor`s representatives from all liabilities, claims, demands, damages and costs for injuries to persons or property in connection with the Tenant`s pets. . .

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The deal fails to address crucial issues for the UK`s services sector, which accounts for more than 80% of UK GDP. Professional service providers will not be able to switch automatically between EU countries and the UK, as the agreement does not require each jurisdiction to recognise the professional qualifications of each jurisdiction. Similarly, UK-based financial service providers will also immediately lose their “passport” rights, allowing them to do business across the EU without having to register individually in each country individually. Instead, the UK has introduced a global points-based immigration system to try to concentrate work-based immigration on more skilled people. An earlier Brexit withdrawal agreement allowed EU workers already present in the UK to apply for the right to continue working and staying in the UK, but this option expires in June 2021. In another blow to British youth, the ATT ended the EU`s ERASMUS student exchange programme, which likely significantly reduced student exchanges between the EU and the UK. The impact is likely to be felt more broadly in the UK economy, as business services, including areas such as law, accounting and engineering, are the largest form of UK services exports from the UK to the EU. Despite having been members of the Single Market, qualifications in areas such as legal services, architecture and engineering acquired in the UK by UK nationals and EU citizens have been recognised throughout the Single Market with very little additional regulatory oversight, sometimes automatically. Bottom line: For a large services-oriented economy like the UK, which has traditionally recorded large services surpluses with the rest of Europe, the ATT will therefore severely limit an important sector of the economy and potentially lead to labour shortages in some low-skilled UK sectors such as agriculture. The EU has insisted on the adoption of common standards for goods and services to ensure a level and open playing field and to prevent companies in one market from undercutting companies in the other market. EU standards include rules on workers` rights, social and environmental protection, taxes and subsidies to state-owned enterprises.

The parties are not required to adopt identical rules and the UK is not required to comply with EU law. However, UK standards must protect fair competition. One of the most important is the mutual recognition of professional qualifications. The ATT also lacks agreements on the mutual recognition of rules for protection against disease or contamination in humans, animals or plants – the so-called sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) regulations – which will make the cross-border sale of fresh produce considerably more difficult and costly. The UK imports much of its food from the EU. Fresh produce is much more expensive to import from more distant suppliers. As a result, the ATT is likely to reduce the supply of fresh food and increase food prices in the UK. The EU would suffer, of course, in the same way if it got fresh food from the UK.

TCA: In the name of achieving a level playing field between businesses in Europe and the UK, the EU has insisted on a reciprocal and strict ban on UK national regulations on the environment, labour markets, government subsidies and other issues that would give UK companies a competitive edge. The rule allows the EU to determine, through independent arbitration, that such a benefit has been created. If such an advantage is identified, the EU can impose retaliatory tariffs and other restrictions on UK exports of its choice. Such strict “level playing field” provisions are generally not present in free trade agreements between countries around the world. But clearly, the EU felt that due to the size and proximity of the UK, duty-free access to the EUROPEAN market could not be envisaged without it. In principle, the ACC`s equal opportunities provisions give the UK the sovereignty to deviate from existing EU rules, while giving the EU the equally sovereign right to address such regulatory differences if they are substantial in nature. There is uncertainty about how difficult it is to demonstrate market distortions, so it is not clear how often the EU and the UK would come into conflict in this area. It is also unclear what the UK could do to exercise its now unlimited regulatory rights. The parties have not agreed to recognize each other`s product standards. This could mean that some products will have to obtain two certifications, i.e. under both the export and import regimes. These requirements will result in additional costs and delays at borders, which will pose a challenge for agricultural and animal products, as well as industries with just-in-time supply chains.

The EU will have to assess whether financial services companies qualified and registered to operate under UK rules operate under standards and regulations equivalent to those of the EU. If the EU finds that the standards are not equivalent, financial services organisations will have to create, qualify and register separate companies on the continent. The process in this regard has not yet been determined and has been left to further discussion. The European Commission has indicated that at the time of signing the agreement, it does not intend to adopt any further such decisions. Prime Minister Boris Johnson acknowledged the failures of the deal when it comes to financial services. The agreement also requires that there be only adequate state aid or state subsidies to companies, a rule that needs to be clarified. .

The final steps you take can detail all optional clauses “as is”. This can help establish the details of explicit warranties at your vessel`s point of sale. It can also indicate the state in which you are selling, as an “is” state. It is also an opportunity to absorb and guarantee information at the point of sale. This is an opportunity for you to indicate that any changes made by the seller to the vessel are not your responsibility after the sale. Once you`ve filled out all of this information, you`ll want to leave room for signatures and all the certified official stamps at the bottom of your document. If a trailer is sold by boat, it will also be listed separately with its Vehicle Identification Number (VIN). The agreement should indicate a separate selling price for the vessel, outboard engine and trailer. The agreement should also list all accessories or equipment sold by boat, such as electronics, trolling engine, spare accessories, with serial numbers if available. If you sell the boat, items that are not included in the sale may be listed as “excluded” in the purchase agreement.

The next step is to list the complete registration information in the header. You can find your registration information by looking at your title documents. When writing down the price you are selling more, make sure it is clearly written. It should include the total cost of the boat as well as any additional features you have included (seats, fishing equipment, trailer). Keep in mind that it`s not a good idea to add up all these numbers today. Instead, clearly describe which prices belong to which items. You should have a breakdown that includes all items that are separate from the boat you are selling. This can help by eliminating any confusion between you and the buyer and making things legally clear. A dealer or demonstration licence is a pleasure craft licence that is used for demonstration purposes only. This type of licence does not apply to a pleasure craft.

A boat dealer applies for a dealer or demonstration licence to use on one of the pleasure craft without a licence on behalf of the concessionaire. Dealers are not allowed to paint the license number on pleasure craft, as recreational boat owners must apply for a different license number after purchasing the pleasure craft. If you are looking for a contract that includes more specific warranties or conditions for the buyer, LawDepot also offers a purchase contract form.August 2, 1999 – The sale of aircraft engines is an example of the problems that can arise. The HIN must be permanently marked on the helm of the boat to the port. If the vessel is propelled by an outboard engine, it must be listed separately with its serial number. Search and rescue and law enforcement officers have instant access to vessel information stored in the shared database, which is available 24/7. This information can help quickly identify boat owners in emergency situations. You can also use a bank check or a certified check. A bank cheque is a cheque that one bank writes to an account of another bank; This is an extremely safe method of transferring funds.

A certified cheque is a cheque that a bank guarantees. In this case, the bank will confirm that there is enough money in the account to cover the amount required for the sale. You can enter into your own boat purchase agreement or use a form provided by your state (for example, search online for “Michigan Boat Purchase Agreement”). When you find a form, it will likely include details about your condition. Some states require that the contract for the purchase of a boat be notarized by both the buyer and the seller. A boat purchase contract (also known as a boat purchase contract) is a document used to describe the terms of a transaction between a private seller and a buyer. This is a contract specific to a boat sale and can be used for a motorized or non-motorized boat, as long as it is not also a U.S. Coast Guard vessel registered by the U.S. government, rather than being titled and numbered by a state (there are separate forms for the sale of a documented vessel). The card is the most common proof of competence.

However, boaters may also demonstrate competence if they: The information may be shared with parties involved in search and rescue activities, as well as law enforcement agencies for the purpose of conducting a legal investigation and enforcing Canadian law, including the obligation to pay provincial sales tax. To apply the Goods and Services Tax (GST) or harmonized sales tax (HST) on the delivery of a new or used boat, please contact the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) at 1-800-959-8287. If your state does not require or offer the use of a particular form, you may be able to use a generic boat purchase agreement like the one offered by: All provinces have personal property registries where citizens can search for financial and security information about personal property such as cars, boats, and tractors. In Canada, you must register merchant vessels of all sizes. These include human-powered boats such as kayaks and whitewater rafts, which are used by guides for guided excursions. but not lifeboats or other lifeboats on board a larger ship inspected as part of the ship`s equipment. A pleasure craft licence is not acceptable for a merchant vessel. You must have your registration documents on board at all times.

If you do not have documents proving that you are the owner of the pleasure craft, you must make an affidavit under oath stating why you are unable to provide the purchase contract or proof of ownership. You can use the sample declaration form on the Transport Canada website. The use of a formal boat purchase contract protects both the buyer and the seller and goes a long way in avoiding misunderstandings between the parties. If you are selling your pleasure craft, keep a copy of your purchase agreement in case someone questions the ownership of the vessel. Provide the new owner with a signed purchase agreement. The new owner must then transfer the pleasure craft licence by mailing an application form and the necessary documents to the recreational boat licensing office. A pleasure craft that is subject to a transfer of ownership may operate until the date on which the new owner of the pleasure craft receives a transferred licence, but not more than 90 days from the date of the transfer of ownership, provided that documents confirming the name and address of the new owner and the date of the transfer of ownership are carried on board. In some states, a boat sale may not be necessary to close the sale, but using one is a good idea because it provides proof of the details of the transaction.

If the boat has title, which is generally required in most states for boats over 16 feet, that title must always be transferred from the seller to the buyer in accordance with state regulations. The seller, for his part, must keep a copy of the purchase contract (he may be asked to present it if it is necessary to determine who is the owner of the boat) and give the buyer (new owner) a signed copy. Since your boat is self-built and therefore there is no purchase contract or proof of ownership, you must make an affidavit under oath stating that you built your boat. You can use the sample declaration form (PDF version, 62 KB)* on this website or any other similar document, provided that it contains all the necessary information. As a rule, only the seller signs the purchase contract. However, in some jurisdictions, the buyer must sign for some or all types of transactions. Check if the laws of your area or state require the buyer`s signature for your specific sale. If you are unsure of the requirements of your jurisdiction, the buyer can sign the purchase agreement to ensure its validity. NOTE: You do not need a pleasure craft license if a boat is registered.

For more information, see What types of pleasure craft do I need to license? If you`re wondering what it takes to create a purchase agreement, here`s a guide. A purchase contract is a document used in the transfer of the sale from a boat owner to his new buyer. This is an important document that serves to provide proof of the buyer`s ownership. If the vessel in question is registered in the Canadian Ship Registry or the Small Vessel Register (Commercial), you can simply use Form 6 Deed of Sale and complete the appropriate fields on that form. However, if your vessel is licensed under the recreational boat licensing system, you will need to create a sales contract or find a template that includes all applicable information. To create a competent purchase contract, you need to answer a few questions: What is the price of your boat? What model of boat do you sell? Who is the person who buys the boat? Who is the person selling the boat? You provide a purchase contract with a licensing agency or the Canadian Coast Guard, but it depends on the organization with which your boat is registered. A sales contract is a form that a seller uses to document the sale of an item to a buyer. It serves as a receipt for personal sales and includes information about the buyer and seller, as well as details about items.

Whether you`re selling your family dinghy, a large motorboat, or something in between, transferring ownership requires certain formalities. Know the requirements and organize your files in advance so you don`t stop the final sale. The requirements are listed under Transfer of Ownership on Transport Canada`s website. It`s not always necessary to have all your documents notarized, but it`s always a good idea. No matter what boat you are selling, the transfer of ownership requires documentation. The contract for the purchase of the boat may be concluded before the sale is final, usually with a down payment, with contingencies that may include obtaining financing, or the boat passes a mechanical inspection, an inspection at sea or a test at sea. If problems arise,. B for example a repair that should be carried out, these conditions can be negotiated and set out in a new agreement, or the buyer can get away with a refundable deposit. .

The United States, Europe and Asia are making significant investments in electrification and power generation. By 2024, nearly 33% of the world`s electricity is expected to come from renewable sources. The world`s leading mining companies generate total revenues of more than $692 billion and have assets worth $1.139 trillion, according to Statista. Although they have been affected by the pandemic, these companies have continued to grow during this period, contributing to the national GDP with annual revenues. Aluminum Corporation of China, headquartered in Beijing, is one of the leading aluminum manufacturers. The Company is primarily engaged in the exploration and extraction of bauxite and coal, as well as aluminum production and power generation. China MinMetals imported $900 million worth of copper from Chile in 2019 as part of a 15-year sale agreement with a Chilean copper producer to supply electrolytic copper. The first copper delivery took place in April 2019.MinMetals, headquartered in Beijing, China, is engaged in the exploration, mining, smelting, processing and trading of metals and minerals. ArcelorMittal is a steel manufacturer based in Luxembourg with production sites in 18 countries. The company supplies products to its customers in 160 countries around the world. But rapid advances in modern society and mining technology have improved dramatically to the point that companies now have the equipment to extract minerals from above and below the surface without endangering their work or the environment as much. The degree of operational or strategic involvement and the level of participation were another central consideration. Are streaming and royalty companies that receive metals from uninvolved mining operations eligible, or are they simply specialized financing vehicles? We have included Franco Nevada, Royal Gold and Wheaton Precious Metals.

Founded in 1942, Vale is the world`s largest producer of iron ore and nickel. It currently operates in 30 countries. BHP Billiton Group maintained its supremacy throughout the year, again finishing the year in first place. The gap widened between BHP`s stock market valuation and Rio Tinto`s second-placed valuation. At the end of the year, BHP was the only company to have a triple-digit market valuation of $117.0 billion. The market capitalization of the top 25 mining companies increased by $195.86 billion in 2017 to $753.59 billion at the end of the fiscal year. Glencore Plc and Vale SA maintained their third and fourth positions respectively, with market valuations of $74.5 billion and $62.9 billion respectively at the end of the year. Coal India Ltd., which finished fifth in 2016, slipped four positions, ending 2017 in ninth place with a market capitalization of $25.5 billion. Coal India`s share price had been turbulent in 2017 and profit attributable to shareholders fell to Rs 3.69 billion in the second quarter of fiscal 2018, from a profit of Rs 6.13 billion last year. Newmont Mining (NYSE: NEM) is the world`s largest gold mining company. It was founded in 1921 and has gold mines in Nevada, Colorado, Quebec, Mexico, Australia, Ghana, Peru and Argentina.

In addition to gold, Newmont extracts silver, copper, zinc and lead. The company is also committed to the fight against climate change. Recently, Newmont Mining (NYSE: NEM) invested $500 million to fight climate change and aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 30% by 2030. Newmont Mining (NYSE: NEM) is headquartered in Denver and Colorado, USA. A gap of $ 57 billion separates the top 3 from the rest of the group. In fourth place is Glencore ($55 billion) with its mixed trading and mining of metals, agricultural products and oil and gas. The mining industry includes all companies responsible for the extraction and exploration of precious and non-precious metals, minerals and energy products such as coal and petroleum. Many industries around the world depend on the supply of these raw materials. Mining has always been a major driver of the global economy. According to Statista, the U.S. mining industry contributed more than 1% of the national GDP in 2020. In addition, Asia-Pacific remained the largest region in the global mining market in the same year, followed by North America, which accounted for 71% and 9% of the global mining market share, respectively.

Founded in 1885, BHP is one of the world`s leading producers of key raw materials, including iron ore, metallurgical coal and copper. Agnico Eagle has been in business since 1957. This Canadian company is a gold producer with operations in Finland, Canada and Mexico, as well as exploration activities in each of these countries, including the United States and Sweden. It is saving its place as one of the world`s leading mining companies, as its gold reserves now stand at 21.6 million ounces with 85,000 tons of copper. Agnico Eagle Mines Limited (NYSE: AEM) produced a record 1,782,147 ounces of gold and 4.3 million ounces of silver in 2019. Zijin Mining is a Chinese company engaged in the exploration and extraction of gold, copper, zinc and other metallic mineral resources. The company was founded in 1986 and is headquartered in Longyan, China. Zijin Mining operates in more than 12 countries and 14 provinces of the People`s Republic of China. In addition, it is one of the Chinese companies that has the largest volume of metal resources.

It is ranked as the 398th largest publicly traded company on Forbes Global 2000. Like Nutrien Ltd. (NYSE: NTR), Franco-Nevada Corporation (NYSE: FNV), Wheaton Precious Metals Corp. (NYSE: WPM) and Albemarle Corporation (NYSE: ALB), Zijin is one of the world`s leading mining companies. The mining industry is made up of companies that research and extract precious and non-precious metals and minerals, as well as energy products such as coal and oil. They are used in the manufacture of a wide range of industrial products, capital goods and consumer goods such as machinery, computers, clothing, buildings and automobiles. Some companies in the mining sector even produce agricultural raw materials. Mining is a global industry, but five of the largest companies are headquartered in China, the world`s second-largest economy. Other major mining companies are based in the UK, Switzerland, Australia and Brazil. Australia, China and the United States make the largest contributions to the global mining industry.

Some of the major mining companies are headquartered in these countries. In Australia, mining remains the most important sector. The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) claims that this sector was responsible for more than 10% of the country`s GDP between 2019 and 2020. In addition, mineral exploration increased 2.5% to $718 million in 2020. Mining giants such as BHP Group (NYSE: BHP) and Rio Tinto Group (NYSE: RIO) are headquartered in Australia. China and the United States are the largest gold producers in the world. With companies like Zijin Mining and Hunan Gold Corporation, China produces more than 13% of the world`s gold. On the other hand, the data suggests that the U.S.

is expected to have about 3,000 tons of gold reserves in mines in 2020. Let`s take a look at the top 20 mining companies in the world. Our ranking is based on market capitalizations and annual sales. Technology has always played an important role in industrial mining. Using dynamite instead of a hammer and hammer to clear the tunnels made the process faster and easier for miners. Today, the use of artificial intelligence, 3D modeling techniques, drones and automated devices are the main drivers of this digital revolution. Many mining operations have worked with technology companies to develop solutions for the use of underground wireless networks. According to the Smart Mining Market Report, the global smart mining market was valued at $8 billion in 2020 and is expected to reach $24.2 billion by 2026. Canada`s Dundee Precious Metals is one of the first mining companies to introduce wireless networking technology into an underground mine. Major projects completed during the year included the second phase of jiangxi Copper (Guangzhou) Copper Products Company`s 350,000-ton-per-year (tpa) copper bar project and the Dexing 5 copper mine tailings pond project.

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Use this template to create a loan agreement. Before writing the agreement, be sure to read our pages on borrowing or lending money. This template can be downloaded as a document. You can adapt it to your situation. Like any legally binding document, it is written in a specific format and language and can be signed after providing the specified identification data. A loan agreement form can vary from a promissory note to a conscientious multi-page written agreement. Let`s review the specific definitions used in and for this document. The law recognizes for many people who are not used to making and collecting loans that a period of two years from the date an undocumented loan was first issued is too short to be fair. The procedure is also necessary for the borrower to be able to cover one of the indeterminate claims. In fact, it`s always best to have a printed copy of the deal, even if you`re applying for a loan online. Read the agreement carefully, and if you don`t understand something, ask the lender to explain it to you before signing it.

If the lender has verbally committed to something, for example. B to an offer to reduce your interest rate in the future, make sure this is included in the written loan agreement. According to the Bank of Canada, 11% of Canadian borrowers have more than 350% of a loan-to-income ratio, especially in the British Columbia and Ontario regions. One of the reasons is a loan agreement that deals with failures. Regularity of reimbursement. A defined period of time that elapses between two days if a certain and generally equal amount of the total loan and the amount of interest must be repaid by the borrower. There are often times when the evidence in a case is balanced, so it would be difficult to decide one way or another. In the case of these family loans, without tangible evidence, and one part says “loan” and the other says “gift”, what should a judge do? Some situations in the law are automatically decided in a certain way, unless the other party can prove that the matter should be decided in their favor. These are called “legal presumptions.” The law “assumes” that something is the case, and the other party must “rebut” that presumption by proving with evidence that the presumption should not apply.

Exchange. A day when all requirements for shareholders or personal loan contracts must be met. If your adult child does not repay a loan, you may need to sue in Small Claims Court (for loans up to $25,000.00). The Small Claims Court has less formal and less complicated rules and procedures than the Supreme Court. Don`t worry if you don`t have tangible evidence of your intention that it was a repayable loan. The presumption of a “windfall” or “resulting trust” means that you will succeed unless your child can provide enough evidence to defend against the claim to rebut the presumption. Each type has a sample loan agreement, which can vary depending on the parties to the transaction, location, and loan items. A BC Loan Agreement Template and an Ontario Loan Agreement Template have regional particularities that should be considered to avoid legal difficulties.

An elderly person often advances money to an adult child for various purposes, for example, for the.B purchase of a car, for a deposit on a house, etc. This is often done without documentation. The adult child may later deny that it was a loan and claim that it should be a gift. This website advises the person who borrows the money or those who support them on what can be done to get the borrowed money back. Do not sign the agreement until you are satisfied with everything in it. Parents often lend money to their children, and because it is a family member, they do not insist on any of the usual precautions, such as.B. to obtain it in writing with a loan agreement, a promissory note or even a simple I.O.U. (see example of a promissory note here: Promissory note) No interest or repayment plan has been agreed, and no guarantee or guarantee was presented to secure the loan. Q: What is an MSFAA? A: The MSFAA is a legal agreement between you and the provincial and federal governments that lists the terms of your approved full-time student loan. While this is understandable under the circumstances, it may turn out to be a mistake. The child may later deny that it was a loan and insist that it was more of a gift. The child may feel like he will inherit that money anyway, so now he`s just going to take it.

There is no documentation or other evidence to prove what was intended. Parents may not have wanted to offend their child by asking for the usual formalities, but now they will have to face the likely humiliation of bringing their own child to justice. It would have been better to be a little more “professional” in managing their money. A loan agreement is more comprehensive than a promissory note and contains clauses about the entire agreement, additional expenses, and the amendment process (i.e. How to change the terms of the agreement). Use a loan agreement for large-scale loans or loans that come from multiple lenders. Use a promissory note for loans that come from non-traditional lenders such as individuals or businesses instead of banks or credit unions. Honorarium. Fees that can be offered to the borrower if the duration or other terms of the contract are not followed by one. It may include early repayment of the loan. If the loan is of a large amount, it is important that you update your will to indicate how you intend to process the outstanding loan after your death.

The National Student Loans Service Centre (NSLSC) will automatically send you a consolidation agreement approximately 45 days before you enter the repayment. To ensure that the borrowed money or property is returned, the lender must prepare a regulatory document, even if it is a simple loan agreement. Otherwise, there would be no legal way to repay expenses if the borrower does not comply with the terms and conditions. However, when a parent gives money to an infant, the law assumes that the parent understood it as a gift that does not need to be refunded. Thus, if a parent wants to claim that it was a repayable loan to a young child, he must prove it with evidence such as a loan document or written confirmation (I.O.U. or promissory note) or a statement from a third party who has heard an oral loan agreement, etc. Security. An element that serves as an additional motivator for the borrower to repay a loan under certain conditions, otherwise it will be taken by the lender as compensation. Generally mandatory for customers with a low credit score. In turn, when an older parent gives money to an adult child, the law assumes that it is a loan and not a gift, even without a loan document or written confirmation. An adult child who claims it is a gift must provide evidence that their parents intended that the money would not need to be refunded. An example[1] of evidence to refute this hypothesis is when the adult child can demonstrate that the money was sent by the parent on the adult child`s birthday in a birthday card.

A loan agreement is a document between a borrower and a lender that describes a loan repayment plan. To make sure that the contract you are drafting is valid, it is best to seek advice from a notary or your lawyer. Composite. A reference to a specification of the frequency of calculating interest and adding to the principal amount of the loan, which concerns the final balance of the transaction. The higher the frequency, the higher the total amount of interest. Before filing a small claim complaint, you must write a “claim letter” detailing the circumstances of the loan, your clear intention that it is a loan, and repayment on a certain date. An example of a letter of formal notice can be found here: Example of a letter of need. Always keep a copy of this letter to attach to your claim you file with Small Claims Court. Refund period. A period set out in the agreement after which all borrowed funds or possessions must be returned in the specified amount or condition and any additional fees paid.

When reviewing the loan agreement, pay close attention to this: if the loan did not have fixed conditions or contingencies, this is a “demand obligation”. These are loans that either: It is useful to provide a judge with case examples that guide the judge in the application of the law. You cannot assume that the judge knows every case. The main case mentioned by the British Columbia Court of Appeal in the Beaverstock case is the Pecore case before the Supreme Court of Canada. In Beaverstock, the plaintiff lent her son $50,000. After his death, his wife (from whom he had separated shortly before his death) inherited his estate and refused to repay the money, saying her husband thought the funds were an advance on his inheritance. .

See the FTB schedules here if you file your tax returns with a spouse, if you are a widow or qualified widows, or if you use the status of “head of household” return. The Tax and Business Fees Division manages more than 30 special tax and fee programs that include a wide range of activities and transactions. Part of the revenue is allocated to the General State Fund. Other taxes and special fees fund certain government services, from highway construction to recycling programs. The Tax and Business Fees Division manages most special tax and fee programs in collaboration with other government agencies. Visit our Taxes and Special Fees page for more information on these programs. Some goods are exempt from sales tax under California law. Examples include most unprepared foods, food stamps, and medical supplies. Taxes may also apply to drop shipping scenarios. If you use dropshipping to deliver items to customers in California, you may be responsible for collecting and reporting taxes. The need to collect sales tax in California is based on a significant association with the state. This is a concept known as nexus.

Nexus is a Latin word meaning “bind or bind,” and it`s the deciding factor in whether the state has the legal authority to require your business to collect, file, and remit sales tax. Summary: There are several states with a gross income tax: Delaware, Nevada, Ohio, Oregon, Tennessee, Texas, and Washington. Business owners need to be aware of the tax requirements for gross income in these states and take steps to prevent liabilities from accumulating over time. . American Enterprise Institute. “Put the huge $21.5 trillion U.S. economy into perspective by comparing the state`s GDP to that of entire countries.” Accessed April 22, 2021, April 15, 2021 (For eligible buyers and consumption tax accounts) For partnerships where income is distributed directly to entrepreneurs, only personal income tax applies. This is also the case for sole proprietorships.

The user tax may apply to businesses, individuals or not-for-profit organizations that do not have an exemption granted by the CDTFA and that seek to create a level playing field for purchases that avoid sales tax. The user tax is one of the most neglected and misunderstood taxes. There are two types of user taxes, seller use taxes and consumer use taxes. S companies that offer similar legal and financial protection to C companies, but pass on their income to business owners, pay a franchise tax of 1.5% of net profit. The minimum tax on franchises is $800, even for S businesses that claim no net income or negative net income. However, these companies can still be considered operating in California and may be held responsible for depositing and paying the appropriate amounts. As an entrepreneur selling taxable goods or services, you act as an agent of the State of California by collecting taxes from buyers and forwarding them to the appropriate tax authority. Since 1. In July 2017, the California Department of Tax and Fee Administration (CDTFA) administered sales and use tax in California. Previously, it was administered by the California State Board of Equalization. California Franchise Tax Board. “2020 Instructions for Form 540.” Retrieved 23 April 2021.

Sales tax is a tax paid to a governing body (state or local) on the sale of certain goods and services. California first introduced a state general sales tax in 1933, and since then the rate has risen to 7.25%. In addition to the state sales tax, there may be one or more local sales taxes, as well as one or more special county taxes, each of which can range from 0.1% to 1%. Currently, combined sales tax rates in California range from 7.25% to 10.25%, depending on the location of the sale. Many states encourage the timely or early filing of sales and use tax returns with a discount for timely filing. As of March 2019, the CDTFA does not offer sales tax rebates to taxpayers. Small business owners enjoy several distinct advantages when doing business in California. The state is home to several populous, growing, and dynamic metropolitan areas, including Los Angeles, San Francisco, and San Diego. These cities are brimming with talent, full of upper-class residents and wealthy residents, and all are home to prestigious universities that produce new classes of educated workers every spring and winter.

Failure to file a zero return may result in penalties and interest charges. Consumption tax for consumers is generally levied on taxable transactions where VAT has not been collected. A good example is a taxable online purchase where retailers do not collect VAT. Responsibility shifts from the seller to the buyer, who can file, and pay the full use tax on their annual California tax return. Businesses that need help with penalty fees can work with Avalara Professional Services, a team of experienced tax advisors who can help you with voluntary disclosure agreements (VDAs), retroprocesses, and more. The following exclusions may apply to the Oregon Corporate Activity Tax: Business and Professional Tax (often abbreviated as B&O Tax or B/O Tax) is a type of tax levied by the U.S. states of Washington, West Virginia and, as of 2010, Ohio[1] and by the municipal governments of West Virginia and Kentucky. [2] S businesses in California must pay a franchise tax of 1.5% of their net income or $800, whichever is greater. Similar to the estimated quarterly tax payments you have to make to the IRS for federal taxes, you also need to make quarterly payments to the FTB for state taxes.

This only applies if you expect to owe at least $500 in California state taxes this year (or $250 if you file a return with a spouse). Income from tax-exempt activities does not need to be reported on B&O`s tax return. However, items claimed as deductions must be recorded in gross income before they can be taken into account as a deduction. Therefore, an S company with a net profit of $1 million owes 1.5% of it, or $15,000, in California income tax. The business income is then transferred to the business owners, who must pay a state personal income tax. California has nine income tax levels that have marginal rates of 1% to 12.3%. Avalara Returns for Small Business is an affordable third-party solution that helps business owners simplify the VAT filing process and focus on growing their business. Find out how automating the VAT return process can help your business.

Check out our offer to try Returns for Small Business for free for up to 60 days. Terms and conditions apply. We consider you a “business” if you meet any of the following conditions: California sales tax collection can be automated to make your life easier. Avalara AvaTax integrates seamlessly with the business systems you already use to make sales and use real-time tax calculations. Limited liability companies also pay franchise tax, but this is calculated differently from S companies. Instead of a fixed percentage based on net income, LLCs are taxed with lump sum dollars based on gross income levels. You must register with the CDTFA if you are purchasing an existing business in California. The state requires that all registered businesses have the name and contact information of the current owner of the business stored. By ACH credit. You can submit your application by going to Online Income and clicking Apply for ACH Credit.

Sellers are required to collect a valid exemption or resale certificate from buyers to validate each exempt transaction. 2% of $50,000 is $1,000. Under the 2% rule, we can only start deducting business expenses after a total of $1,000. That means we have to ignore the first $1,000. We therefore deduct $1,000 from the total amount of business expenses ($6,000), or $5,000. This podcast discusses a recent Washington B&O decision and a recent California OTA ruling regarding: The general rule in California is that when the sale is exempt, the associated delivery charges are exempt. However, if the sale is taxable, the costs related to the delivery may be fully taxable, partially taxable or non-taxable. California sales tax returns and payments must be transferred at the same time; both have the same due date. If the answer to all three questions is yes, you will need to register with the state tax authority, collect the correct amount of sales tax per sale, file returns, and transfer them to the state. .

The best way to find a lawyer is to talk to your colleagues, friends and family and ask them who is the best lawyer for your needs. Also, it`s a good option to look for recent cases to see who is currently active in the industry. If there is no one to think about, checking online resources is the best solution for finding the ratings and opinions of qualified lawyers. Use the following online resources: If you need to take legal action against someone, you may not always have the funds to hire a lawyer. As you can imagine, it can be incredibly expensive to pay an hourly rate to a lawyer to take your case to court. Although many law firms prefer to work on an hourly basis, Henry Law Firm`s experienced lawyers usually only handle cases with a contingency fee agreement. A contingency fee agreement or “contingency fee” is the most common fee contract for many civil cases, including personal injury, unlawful death, medical malpractice, unlawful dismissal, and other cases where the plaintiff seeks damages. Contingency fee agreements can be an extremely useful tool if you believe you have a strong legal claim, but can`t afford the cost of litigation in advance. Keep in mind, however, that lawyers don`t have to offer contingency fees. At Henry Law Firm, we offer our clients a contingency fee agreement to ensure that each individual can assert their legal rights without having to worry about the money owed out of their own pocket. Because our customers come to us after they have already suffered damages, this agreement minimizes the risk they face when they take legal action. The basic concept of the contingency fee agreement is that the client has little or no upfront costs.

As a client, you do not pay a lawyer`s fee unless you win, and then the lawyer will receive a percentage of your reimbursement as a fee. If you lose your case, there are no legal fees for the lawyer. Depending on your condition and the details of the agreement, the contingency fee may vary from 5% to 50% of the final premium. However, the lawyer does not charge a fee if his client is not successful. The lawyer`s payment depends or “depends” on the victory of the case. An experienced and knowledgeable lawyer, such as Henry Law Firm`, can help you with your case if you need a contingency fee agreement. Legal proceedings are often complex and financially burdensome, which is why we offer this service to our clients. We are committed to providing our clients with the best possible service to ensure they receive the compensation they deserve. An experienced attorney in Ohio can handle your case professionally by critically reviewing state laws and their application to your trial.

If we don`t win your case in court or reach a settlement, you won`t have to pay a lawyer`s fee. Contact us at the firm today to discuss your case and set a mutually acceptable percentage of contingency fees. A contingency fee agreement is a payment agreement that allows a plaintiff who has been violated and seeks redress to obtain legal representation, even if they do not have money to pay a lawyer at the beginning of the case. A client does not have to pay a success fee in advance and instead agrees to pay a lawyer a percentage of the client`s reward if they win the case. The contingency fee agreement determines the circumstances of the payment and the amount a lawyer owes. The rules for lawyers in your state often determine when contingency fees are appropriate. Although most lawyers have a staggered percentage depending on the amount of work they have to devote to the case. The main problem with a contingency fee agreement is that it could cost the plaintiff more than the usual hourly rates for a lawyer if the case is resolved quickly. The standard pass fee can vary from 30 to 40% of the final reward. Whether your lawyer works for a week or a year, they will receive the same amount from your statement.

Contingency fee agreements are commonly used in cases where a plaintiff seeks monetary damages for a type of breach. Depending on the nature of the case and the damages claimed, lawyers do not always accept a contingency fee agreement. Some legal claims have limits on how much a plaintiff can recover in damages, in which case a lawyer will be reluctant to work on contingency fees. In our opinion, a contingency fee agreement is the fairest agreement you can have with your lawyer, because your interests and those of your lawyer are perfectly aligned: maximize the amount of compensation your claim receives. Hourly lawyers will, of course, want to get the best possible results for you, but they also have another interest – maximizing the time they can charge you. The risk of being referred by your lawyer is not present in a contingency fee agreement because you accept the percentage of the fee in advance and also agree on a settlement amount for your case. After reviewing the offers and any strategy, it`s time to choose the right lawyer for the case. The chosen lawyer will most likely ask to meet and discuss the next course of action. Depending on the type of agreement reached, an advance payment may be required to resolve the issue. Success fees can sometimes be considered a risk because the lawyer is not paid unless he wins the case.

However, the risk is lower if you have a better chance of winning your case. With less risk, you are all the more likely to find a lawyer willing to take over the case. Most states allow contingency fee agreements; However, some state rights organizations have criticized contingency fee agreements as excessive fees and have sought to limit their use. Proponents of contingency fee agreements argue that they motivate the lawyer to reach the best possible settlement for their client and allow those who do not normally have the means to do so to access the justice system […].

[25] The OECD`s 2018 Interim Report defines Uber as a pay-as-you-go ride-sharing company and notes that it is “a digital platform that creates value by bringing drivers and passengers together so they can make a ride on a pay-as-you-go basis. It is based on the following main steps. First of all, the rental company recruits drivers with access to their own car. It then centrally orchestrates drivers, monitors e.B their hours of activity and locations to provide a transportation platform. Third, the company is developing a platform, including a mobile app, that will allow passengers to book a ride. Finally, it guarantees the quality of transactions through a verification system in which drivers and passengers have the opportunity to assess the quality of the interaction” (loc. cit., pp. 66/67). As regards (5), Broadway argued that it does not prevent its drivers from hiring their own employees and subcontractors to support the operation of the taxi business. Broadway cited a provision in its driver agreement that gave drivers the power to hire professionals (such as mechanics, accountants, and tax specialists) to help them with their taxi business. The Court concluded that “the services referred to in this provision” are transportation services provided on Broadway and not administrative services provided to taxis or other businesses. A separate provision in the driver agreement prohibited persons other than registered drivers (who had themselves entered into a driver agreement) from driving vehicles on Broadway`s list of registered vehicles.

As a result, the Court found that the drivers did not comply with this requirement. [16] Recently, another legal analysis regarding the operation of Uber was confirmed by the Geneva cantonal government and the head of government, Mr Mauro Poggia, that the services provided by Uber are subject to taxi regulation and that the company should therefore expect a ban if it does not classify its drivers as employees and does not regulate the situation by paying taxes and fines and other compliance obligations. See www.swissinfo.ch/eng/uber-faces-ban-in-geneva-if-it-fails-to-hire-drivers/45340404. Hansu Kim, the Flywheel Taxi, the city`s second largest fleet, operates a hybrid model in which about two-thirds of the 300 taxis are owned by medal holders who pay a monthly fee to use Flywheel`s shipping system and colors. Owner-operators drive the taxis themselves and also rent them to other drivers. “In Santa Rosa, I`m the only company left,” Neese said. “They are not independent. They are self-employed,” he said of the drivers. “They have their own franchise license with the Santa Rosa police.” San Francisco taxis were unionized employees until the late 1970s, when an earlier incarnation of Yellow Cab, the dominant operator, collapsed and the city passed Proposition K, which required individual drivers, not businesses, to receive medallions for a small fee in order of seniority. In 2010, the city began selling medallions for $250,000. Many runners now say their medal loan payments are crippling and want the city to buy back the medals.

In this case, the Oregon Department of Employment (the “Department”) assessed Broadway Cab, LLC (“Broadway”) on unemployment insurance taxes on taxi drivers` income associated with Broadway. One of the arguments put forward by Broadway was that the drivers were independent contractors. Relevant facts of the case include a “driving agreement” under which Broadway required drivers to be included in the company`s list of licensed drivers. Drivers paid Broadway driver agreement fees as well as vehicle fees. Drivers were not required to drive their taxi for a minimum number of hours, but limits on maximum daily hours were imposed. Drivers were required to pay the weekly broadway fee, whether or not they chose to drive a taxi during the week, but drivers were allowed to keep money or other payments for rates that exceeded the weekly Broadway fee. Uber and Lyft have no plans to reclassify their drivers despite the law. They are pursuing a voting initiative in 2020 to allow self-employed drivers to receive minimum wage benefits and guarantees. Uber says it will fight the reclassification in court. [13] See www.swissinfo.ch/eng/wage-dumping-_swiss-authorities-say-uber-drivers-should-be-treated-as employee/43984356.

Employment status “has the potential to kill the taxi industry,” he said. “The taxi companies suddenly couldn`t absorb all these extra costs.” [21] For about 30 years, California labor courts used an 11-factor test conducted in the trial of S.G. Borello & Sons, Inc. v. Labor Relations Division to decide whether a person should be considered an employee. Such precedent was re-examined by the California Supreme Court in 2018 when Dynamex Operations West, Inc.c. The Los Angeles County Supreme Court was analyzed. At that time, it was decided that the ABC test should be used to determine an employee`s qualification. “If we didn`t fight to stay afloat, I would probably support AB5 for taxi drivers,” Marcelo Fonseca, a longtime San Francisco driver, said of the gig labor law. But “in this current market, AB5 is likely to ruin the taxi industry.” For decades, taxi drivers have been classified as independent contractors and therefore cannot join unions. But a case decided last week shows that the legal basis has changed – potentially allowing large parts of the industry to organize. The Court of Appeal initially concluded that the Borello case was decisive, although this occurred in the context of employee composition.

In this case, the Supreme Court held that the primary determinant of whether an employee is an employee or an independent contractor is the extent to which the “employer” has the right to control the details of the work performed. The right to dismiss an employee at will is also strong evidence of an employment relationship. Secondary factors include: Gonzalez said it should be up to every city to understand this, as taxis are controlled at the municipal level. “This is a local problem, and we need to hold local governments accountable for solving the problem,” she said. In Garcia, the plaintiff was a former taxi driver who worked for Border Transportation Group, LLC (BTG). BTG`s business model was to rent taxi permits to drivers through subsidiaries. BTG`s lease expressly stated that the applicant was an independent contractor. In addition, the applicant`s vehicle contained the colour palette and logo of a BTG subsidiary, Calexico Taxi. Finally, BTG allowed the applicant to set his own working hours, use the taxi for his personal rides, keep his own fares, enter into sublease agreements and advertise under his own name. For example, she said, medallion owners could organize themselves into cooperatives and offer drivers shipping, colors and insurance, just as taxi companies currently do.

In Dynamex Operations West, Inc. v Superior Court (2018) 4 Cal.5th 903 (Dynamex), the California Supreme Court provided a new method for determining whether a person is an employee when making claims under California salary scales. Following Dynamex, an appeals court analyzed whether taxi drivers are employees as part of the new ABC test set out in Dynamex. See Garcia v. Border Transportation Group, LLC (2018) 28 Cal.App.5th 558 (Garcia). .

If the house is outrageously over-indebted or the market has really just collapsed, the loan may be dismissed as too risky and acceptable. If the house is only 8 years old on its mortgage and therefore there is no way they can try to get back to more than 70% LTV, then that`s fine. But if the owner made a large down payment on the 1st mortgage and the market increased every year over the next 4 years, the appraiser still conveniently manages to provide a figure that allows the bank to charge a higher interest rate than a 70% LTV. Especially if the applicant has credit scores at 800+, the bank knows that they represent a significant credit risk, and then when the valuation comes with the purchase price plus market increases in mind, they should offer the lowest interest rate. If it comes above 70% LTV. Banking advantages. If 90% of all purchase notices “reach the sale price,” this gives ammunition to those who believe reviews are an expensive and time-consuming undertaking that can be eliminated by using statistical data to evaluate homes. What it really says is that buyers know the actual market value 90% of the time and appraisers only support buyers` opinions. Why do you need an appraisal when buyers know what the property is worth in 90% of cases? It never ceases to amaze me how sinister the wisdom of average buyers can be in determining the market value of homes.

We appraisers know that market value and selling price are not synonymous. Each individual property may have a value of X for a particular buyer, but this does not necessarily reflect the market value as defined in the appraisal report. I have also often wondered why we are required to review the purchase agreement, but we are not required to verify the seller`s disclosures. In my experience in the past, there is more information in seller disclosures that can influence the market value of a property than in the purchase agreement. Thank you Matt. This is not at all surprising to hear, and I appreciate your opinion. This may seem shady at first glance, and I think that`s why I`ve even heard some critics say that they never match the value with the exact contract price because they don`t want to give the impression that they`re trying to “hit the number.” I think I fall into the camp of reconciling the value of the treaty when it is reasonable to do so. No biggie there because I think it`s a good methodology, and I don`t worry about the appearance of “making the deal work.” Since market value is the most likely price, most properties sell close to market value (think of the normal distribution with most properties sold at the top of the curve), and most appraisers estimate close to market value, so if the appraiser doesn`t attach weight to an arm`s length contract, 50% of all valuations would be lower than the contract price.

Agents now complain that evaluators are too often low and that it`s only 10%. Imagine if the appraisers couldn`t see the contract and give it weight? The real estate market would stop or change radically. 50% of buyers would not be able to close extra money. There would be a very large number of missed sales or delayed deals without the appraisers reviewing the contract. The lesson for agents is to make sure that the appraiser knows everything about the contract so that he can analyze it properly and give weight to the analysis if necessary. The home evaluation is done after accepting an offer and usually within seven days of an inspector inspecting your home. Evaluators must be competent in the geographical area in which they work. Some examiners work in cities and counties beyond their place of residence, but are familiar with these specific areas. If you suspect that an appraiser in your area is not responsible for the appraisal, you can contact the lender, who is the appraiser`s client.

I`m not sure I understand the Diana question, but I`ll try. In my experience, the first offer and counter-offers often happen with a property, as buyers and sellers try to get the best deal for them. If the seller responds to an amount higher than what the buyer initially offered and the buyer agrees, you have a price agreed by both parties, which we consider an independent transaction. The buyer will then look at this and see how it compares to what other similar homes are being sold. If the contract falls within the range of other current sales and current active offers, it provides support to the final value opinion that the appraiser arrives at. The contract is one piece of the puzzle, but not the only one. It must be considered in the context of all value indicators. As for your second thought about two reviewers who are $50,000 apart, this is not uncommon and is usually caused by things like experience, domain knowledge, and accuracy of data sources. If evaluators use similar data sources and similar comps, the value should be closer, but sometimes evaluators don`t do a good job of choosing the right comps that reflect similar value factors such as school systems, etc. I hope this helps you answer your question. Hi Madison.

Thank you for your detailed comment. I very much appreciate your thoughts. It is understandable that the bank has a number in mind so that it can grant the loan, although appraisers do not know this number when they perform an evaluation for refinancing. More than 10 years ago, banks sometimes sent appraisers an order with a “value estimate,” and the “estimate” was actually their target number. Nowadays, since Dodd-Frank went into effect in 2010, this no longer happens (or should not happen). Appraisers also usually don`t know how much is borrowed. I heard of an appraiser being evicted from a local appraisal committee because they asked the landlord how much they would borrow. I mention this because examiners generally do not really know what happens during a refinancing, unless that information is provided voluntarily. USPAP (Uniform Standards of Appraisal Practice), the ethical standards and norms to which examiners are subject, is set out in Standard 1 (Valuation of Real Property, Development); It seems to me that any approach that involves knowing the price of the contract encourages appraisers to “reach the number” (especially if they were to receive bonuses for being close to each other).

You are hired by the lending bank that wants you to reach the contract price. Let yourself be guided by the advice of top real estate professionals and professional appraisers who have gone through hundreds of home appraisals every step of the way. Is it mandatory in some states (VA) for customers to submit contracts when they are waiting for homes when they request an appraisal? So you`re just saying that examiners only place numbers to allow closure. Either way, that`s the economist`s view on it. It`s fun to think of good plans to improve the quality of reviews – here`s a cool one: always have 5 reviews that give separate reviews and make average reviews. They can`t know anything about each other (hard to apply, but it`s fun for my idea) and give them bonuses based on their proximity to the average of the 5 numbers. .

Ultimately, PTA ASEAN+4 proved that free trade agreements can promote more bilateral trade between member countries and enable business creation. The Variable Preferential Trade Agreement (EPA) has a positive and significant impact on the exports of ASEAN member states and the four ASEAN dialogue partners. Indeed, under the agreement, the PTA can promote more bilateral trade between member countries and increase the volume of trade between member countries. Each country must conclude an agreement under the PTA to promote trade and improve market access so that there is no defeat of competition with other countries that exploit the PTA first. Among the benefits that the free trade agreement can derive are the emergence of trade formation and the diversion of trade. Trade creation is the creation of commercial transactions between PTA members that have never taken place before, due to incentives resulting from the formation of FTAs. Meanwhile, trade diversion is the transition of imports from one country to another. Trade diversion usually occurs because the transition is seen as more efficient or economically profitable. For example, the reduction in tariffs means that Indonesia, which has always imported sugar from Brazil, becomes sugar imported from Thailand. The change comes as the cost of importing sugar from Thailand is seen as more efficient and Indonesia is phasing out sugar imports from China. In addition, the existence of the ATP may result in exporters from a country receiving preferential tariffs. This preferential tariff allows exporters and entrepreneurs to reduce production costs in order to increase the competitiveness of the industry.

So what exactly is a free trade agreement? Among the benefits that the free trade agreement can derive are the emergence of trade formation and the diversion of trade. Trade creation is the creation of commercial transactions between FTA members that have never taken place before due to the incentives resulting from the establishment of FTAs. The decree was issued following the ratification of the Asean-Hong Kong Free Trade Agreement under Presidential Decree No. 34/2020. This agreement also completes the Indonesian government`s list of free trade agreements. Meanwhile, trade diversion is the transition of imports from one country to another. Trade diversion usually occurs because the transition is seen as more efficient or economically profitable. The Ministry of Commerce (ALE) is an agreement between two or more countries to form a free trade area. This article attempts to analyse the impact of the PTA on the exports of ASEAN member states (Indonesia, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei Darussalam, philippines and Myanmar) and four ASEAN dialogue partner countries, namely the People`s Republic of China (PRC), South Korea, Japan and India. The influence of the PTA on exports is very important in determining whether the PTA creates trade (business creation) or divides trade (trade diversion). The level of preferential tariffs may differ from the generally accepted BM duties (most-favoured-nation tariffs/most-favoured-nation treatment) as defined in Article 1(14) of the Regulation of the Minister of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia N0 229/PMK 04/2017 on Procedures for collecting import duties on imported goods under international agreements or arrangements. The FTA means that trade in goods or services between countries can cross the borders of other countries without tariff or non-tariff borders.

Customs barriers refer to duties levied on goods from a country, such as import duties or import taxes (PDRs). In addition to the CSKA issued by IPSKA, the provisions on the origin of goods can also be demonstrated by: FTA partner countries are required to ensure that general measures affecting the movement of services are implemented in an appropriate, objective and impartial manner. The deadline for filing the original SKA sheet or account statement for importers is as follows: By Decree No. 79/PMK.010/2020 of the Minister of Finance promulgated on July 3, 2020, the government set the import duty rates under the ASEAN-Hong Kong Free Trade Agreement (AHKFTA). Author: Rossanto Dwi handoyo, Wisnu Wibowo, Angga Erlando, Retno Putri Kumalasari Rossanto Dwi Handoyo, Wisnu Wibowo, Angga Erlando and Retno Putri Nurkumalasari. The preferential tariff indicated by each free trade agreement can be seen in the following PMK: Here are the countries that already have a free trade agreement with Indonesia and an agreement between Indonesia and that country in force. As the income of the exporting country increases, so does the country`s ability to produce goods for export. The existence of APTs shows that the GDP of export destination countries also has a positive effect. The geographical distance between the exporter and the country of destination of the export is an important variable of international trade in terms of transport costs. As far as the distance, the lower the export.

The trade agreement allows Indonesia to benefit from the introduction of preferential tariffs, for example to reduce production costs and thus improve the competitiveness of the industry. The continued integration of the European Union (EU), the conclusion of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the slowdown in multilateral negotiations have led countries around the world to make the Preferential Trade Agreement (EPA) a new interest in international trade over the past two decades. The PTA is an international agreement with a limited number of members and aims to guarantee or improve access to the markets of each participating country. The PTA itself is a stepping stone to free trade worldwide. . ASEAN COUNTRIES (BRUNEI DARUSSALAM, MALAYSIA, LAOS, MYANMAR, PHILIPPINES, THAILAND, VIETNAM, CAMBODIA, SINGAPORE) See the International Tax Glossary (2015) of the International Bureau of Tax Documentation (IBFD) are special preferential tariff duties that impose lower duties on imports from certain countries or imports of certain goods. . . .